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261 строка
8.7 KiB
Markdown
261 строка
8.7 KiB
Markdown
# Отчет по теме 4
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Корнеев Максим, А-03-23
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## 1 Стандартные функции
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### 1.1 Функция round
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```py
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>>> a = round(123.456,1)
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>>> a
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123.5
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>>> type(a)
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<class 'float'>
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>>> b = round(123.456,0)
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>>> b
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123.0
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>>> type(b)
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<class 'float'>
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>>> c = round(123.456)
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>>> c
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123
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>>> type(c)
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<class 'int'>
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```
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### 1.2 Функция range
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```py
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>>> gg=range(76,123,9)
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>>> list(gg)
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[76, 85, 94, 103, 112, 121]
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>>> list(range(23))
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[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]
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```
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Список со значениями от 0 до 22 с шагом 1
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### 1.3 Функция zip
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```py
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>>> qq = ['Корнеев','Гордиевских','Виноградов','Веретельников']
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>>> ff=zip(gg,qq)
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>>> tuple(ff)
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((76, 'Корнеев'), (85, 'Гордиевских'), (94, 'Виноградов'), (103, 'Веретельников'))
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>>> ff[0]
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<pyshell#25>", line 1, in <module>
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ff[0]
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TypeError: 'zip' object is not subscriptable
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```
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### 1.4 Функция eval
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```py
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>>> fff=float(input('коэффициент усиления=')); dan=eval('5*fff-156')
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коэффициент усиления=0.75
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>>> dan
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-152.25
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```
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### 1.5 Функция exec
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```py
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>>> exec(input('введите инструкции:'))
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введите инструкции:perem=-123.456;gg=round(abs(perem)+98,3)
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>>> gg
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221.456
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```
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### 1.6 Некоторые другие функции
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```py
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>>> abs(-123.8)
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123.8
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>>> pow(3,4,5)
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1
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>>> max([2,3,8,0,4,19])
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19
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>>> min([2,3,8,0,4,19])
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0
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>>> sum([2,3,8,0,4,19])
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36
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>>> divmod(5,2)
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(2, 1)
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>>> len([2,3,8,0,4,19])
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6
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>>> list(map(str, [1,2,3]))
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['1', '2', '3']
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```
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## 2 Функции из стандартного модуля math
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```py
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>>> dir(math)
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['__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atan2', 'atanh', 'cbrt', 'ceil', 'comb', 'copysign', 'cos', 'cosh', 'degrees', 'dist', 'e', 'erf', 'erfc', 'exp', 'exp2', 'expm1', 'fabs', 'factorial', 'floor', 'fma', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fsum', 'gamma', 'gcd', 'hypot', 'inf', 'isclose', 'isfinite', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'isqrt', 'lcm', 'ldexp', 'lgamma', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'log2', 'modf', 'nan', 'nextafter', 'perm', 'pi', 'pow', 'prod', 'radians', 'remainder', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'sumprod', 'tan', 'tanh', 'tau', 'trunc', 'ulp']
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>>> math.factorial(5)
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120
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>>> math.sin(0)
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0.0
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>>> math.acos(1)
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0.0
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>>> math.degrees(1)
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57.29577951308232
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>>> math.radians(57.29577951308232)
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1.0
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>>> math.exp(1)
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2.718281828459045
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>>> math.log(10,10)
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1.0
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>>> math.log10(100)
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2.0
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>>> math.sqrt(4)
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2.0
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>>> math.ceil(1.1)
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2
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>>> math.floor(2.9)
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2
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>>> math.pi
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3.141592653589793
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>>> math.sin((2*math.pi)/(7+math.exp(0.23)))
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0.6895048136223224
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```
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## 3 Функции из модуля cmath
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```py
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>>> dir(cmath)
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['__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atanh', 'cos', 'cosh', 'e', 'exp', 'inf', 'infj', 'isclose', 'isfinite', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'log', 'log10', 'nan', 'nanj', 'phase', 'pi', 'polar', 'rect', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh', 'tau']
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>>> cmath.sqrt(1.2-0.5j)
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(1.118033988749895-0.22360679774997896j)
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>>> cmath.phase(1-0.5j)
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-0.4636476090008061
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```
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## 4 Стандартный модуль random
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```py
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>>> dir(random)
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['BPF', 'LOG4', 'NV_MAGICCONST', 'RECIP_BPF', 'Random', 'SG_MAGICCONST', 'SystemRandom', 'TWOPI', '_ONE', '_Sequence', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '_accumulate', '_acos', '_bisect', '_ceil', '_cos', '_e', '_exp', '_fabs', '_floor', '_index', '_inst', '_isfinite', '_lgamma', '_log', '_log2', '_os', '_parse_args', '_pi', '_random', '_repeat', '_sha512', '_sin', '_sqrt', '_test', '_test_generator', '_urandom', 'betavariate', 'binomialvariate', 'choice', 'choices', 'expovariate', 'gammavariate', 'gauss', 'getrandbits', 'getstate', 'lognormvariate', 'main', 'normalvariate', 'paretovariate', 'randbytes', 'randint', 'random', 'randrange', 'sample', 'seed', 'setstate', 'shuffle', 'triangular', 'uniform', 'vonmisesvariate', 'weibullvariate']
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>>> random.seed()
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>>> random.random()
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0.09784937641299252
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>>> random.uniform(0,1)
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0.7586998848425669
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>>> random.randint(1,10)
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5
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>>> random.gauss(1,1)
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1.4114397784493207
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>>> random.choice([0,3,4,12])
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3
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>>> ss=[0,3,4,12]
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>>> random.shuffle(ss)
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>>> ss
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[12, 4, 3, 0]
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>>> random.sample(ss,2)
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[3, 12]
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>>> random.betavariate(1,1)
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0.6955346411563408
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>>> random.gammavariate(1,1)
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1.2069826359988067
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>>> spisok = [random.uniform(0, 1), random.gauss(0, 1), random.betavariate(1, 1), random.gammavariate(1, 1)]
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>>> spisok
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[0.976567712925113, 0.9183429804998575, 0.5079068978092008, 1.7131944904872685]
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```
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## 5 Функции из модуля time
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```py
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>>> dir(time)
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['CLOCK_MONOTONIC', 'CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW', 'CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW_APPROX', 'CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID', 'CLOCK_REALTIME', 'CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID', 'CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW', 'CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW_APPROX', '_STRUCT_TM_ITEMS', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'altzone', 'asctime', 'clock_getres', 'clock_gettime', 'clock_gettime_ns', 'clock_settime', 'clock_settime_ns', 'ctime', 'daylight', 'get_clock_info', 'gmtime', 'localtime', 'mktime', 'monotonic', 'monotonic_ns', 'perf_counter', 'perf_counter_ns', 'process_time', 'process_time_ns', 'sleep', 'strftime', 'strptime', 'struct_time', 'thread_time', 'thread_time_ns', 'time', 'time_ns', 'timezone', 'tzname', 'tzset']
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>>> c1=time.time()
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>>> c1
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1760129676.087689
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>>> c2=time.time()-c1
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>>> c2
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0.29564905166625977
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>>> dat=time.gmtime()
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>>> dat
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time.struct_time(tm_year=2025, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=10, tm_hour=20, tm_min=55, tm_sec=16, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=283, tm_isdst=0)
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>>> dat.tm_mon
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10
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>>> dat.tm_year
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2025
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>>> dat.tm_hour
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20
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>>> dat.tm_mday
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10
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>>> time.localtime()
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time.struct_time(tm_year=2025, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=10, tm_hour=23, tm_min=57, tm_sec=26, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=283, tm_isdst=0)
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>>> time.asctime(dat)
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'Fri Oct 10 20:55:16 2025'
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>>> time.ctime()
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'Fri Oct 10 23:58:50 2025'
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>>> time.sleep(1) # Программа прервала свою работу на 1 секунду
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>>> time.mktime(dat)
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1760118916.0
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>>> time.localtime(c1)
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time.struct_time(tm_year=2025, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=10, tm_hour=23, tm_min=54, tm_sec=36, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=283, tm_isdst=0)
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```
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## 6 Графические функции
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```py
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>>> x=list(range(-3,55,4))
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>>> t=list(range(15))
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>>> pylab.plot(t,x)
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>>> pylab.title('Первый график')
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>>> pylab.xlabel('время')
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>>> pylab.ylabel('сигнал')
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>>> pylab.show()
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```
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Первый график:
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```py
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>>> X1=[12,6,8,10,7]
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>>> X2=[5,7,9,11,13]
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>>> pylab.plot(X1)
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>>> pylab.plot(X2)
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>>> pylab.show()
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```
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Второй график:
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```py
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>>> region=['Центр','Урал','Сибирь','Юг']
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>>> naselen=[65,12,23,17]
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>>> pylab.pie(naselen,labels=region)
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>>> pylab.show()
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```
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Третий график:
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```py
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>>> a = [1, 2, 5, 1, 5, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2]
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>>> pylab.hist(a)
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>>> pylab.show()
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```
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Четвертый график:
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```py
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>>> pylab.bar(region, naselen)
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>>> pylab.show()
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```
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Пятый график:
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## 7 Статистический модуль statistic
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```py
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>>> dir(statistics)
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['Counter', 'Decimal', 'Fraction', 'LinearRegression', 'NormalDist', 'StatisticsError', '_SQRT2', '__all__', '__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '_coerce', '_convert', '_decimal_sqrt_of_frac', '_exact_ratio', '_fail_neg', '_float_sqrt_of_frac', '_integer_sqrt_of_frac_rto', '_isfinite', '_kernel_invcdfs', '_mean_stdev', '_newton_raphson', '_normal_dist_inv_cdf', '_quartic_invcdf', '_quartic_invcdf_estimate', '_random', '_rank', '_sqrt_bit_width', '_sqrtprod', '_ss', '_sum', '_triweight_invcdf', '_triweight_invcdf_estimate', 'acos', 'asin', 'atan', 'bisect_left', 'bisect_right', 'correlation', 'cos', 'cosh', 'count', 'covariance', 'defaultdict', 'erf', 'exp', 'fabs', 'fmean', 'fsum', 'geometric_mean', 'groupby', 'harmonic_mean', 'hypot', 'isfinite', 'isinf', 'itemgetter', 'kde', 'kde_random', 'linear_regression', 'log', 'math', 'mean', 'median', 'median_grouped', 'median_high', 'median_low', 'mode', 'multimode', 'namedtuple', 'numbers', 'pi', 'pstdev', 'pvariance', 'quantiles', 'random', 'reduce', 'repeat', 'sin', 'sqrt', 'stdev', 'sumprod', 'sys', 'tan', 'tau', 'variance']
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>>> statistics.median(naselen)
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20.0
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>>> statistics.variance(naselen)
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588.25
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>>> x = [1,2,3,4,5]
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>>> y = [3,4,6,8,13]
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>>> statistics.correlation(x,y)
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0.9577042613611466
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>>> k, b = statistics.linear_regression(x,y)
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>>> k; b
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2.4
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-0.39999999999999947
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``` |