ответвлено от main/it-labs
491 строка
11 KiB
Markdown
491 строка
11 KiB
Markdown
# Отчет по теме 1
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Долганов Всеволод, А-01-24
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## 1 Знакомство с интерфейсом
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Запустил среду GNU Octave и визуально изучил расположение окон и главного меню.
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## 2 Настройка рабочей директории
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В окне «Текущая папка» установил путь к созданной директории TEMA1:
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## 3 Настройка отображаемых окон
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Через меню «Окно» включил отображение командного окна, журнала команд, диспетчера файлов, области переменных и редактора.
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## 4 Установка путей к рабочим папкам
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Через меню «Правка» -> «Установить путь» добавил пути к папкам TEMA1 и TEMA2. Убедился, что файлы отображаются в «Диспетчере файлов».
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## 5 Использование встроенной справки
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Изучил документацию через главное меню и проверил работу оперативной справки через командное окно:
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>> help randn
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'randn' is a built-in function from the file libinterp/corefcn/rand.cc
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-- X = randn (N)
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-- X = randn (M, N, ...)
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-- X = randn ([M N ...])
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-- X = randn (..., "single")
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-- X = randn (..., "double")
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-- V = randn ("state")
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-- randn ("state", V)
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-- randn ("state", "reset")
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-- V = randn ("seed")
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-- randn ("seed", V)
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-- randn ("seed", "reset")
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Return a matrix with normally distributed random elements having
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zero mean and variance one.
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The arguments are handled the same as the arguments for ‘rand’.
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By default, ‘randn’ uses the Marsaglia and Tsang "Ziggurat
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technique" to transform from a uniform to a normal distribution.
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The class of the value returned can be controlled by a trailing
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"double" or "single" argument. These are the only valid classes.
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Reference: G. Marsaglia and W.W. Tsang, ‘Ziggurat Method for
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Generating Random Variables’, J. Statistical Software, vol 5, 2000,
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<https://www.jstatsoft.org/v05/i08/>
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See also: rand, rande, randg, randp.
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Additional help for built-in functions and operators is
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available in the online version of the manual. Use the command
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'doc <topic>' to search the manual index.
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Help and information about Octave is also available on the WWW
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at https://www.octave.org and https://octave.discourse.group/c/help/
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## 6 Создание базовых матриц и векторов
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>> A = randn(4,6)
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A =
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-0.159822 0.268463 0.602706 0.712673 0.192046 0.199132
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0.564368 0.064164 1.269051 0.629784 -0.246480 1.184103
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1.444376 -0.867363 0.998737 0.456648 0.876060 0.226459
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2.148732 2.285075 0.440337 0.502833 1.951507 -0.719981
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>> B = rand(4,7)
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B =
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0.448006 0.444495 0.898416 0.106126 0.317332 0.488563 0.949919
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0.829320 0.203251 0.670602 0.290699 0.086682 0.700506 0.486505
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0.568398 0.636211 0.581117 0.403838 0.227579 0.656758 0.975163
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0.941064 0.868487 0.350656 0.828308 0.075934 0.838079 0.302820
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>> C = 4:27
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C =
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Columns 1 through 23:
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4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
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Column 24:
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27
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>> H = 'This is a symbols vector'
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H = This is a symbols vector
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>> L = [-2+23.1j, 3-5.6j]
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L =
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-2.0000 + 23.1000i 3.0000 - 5.6000i
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## 7 Матричные вычисления и преобразования
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>> D = reshape(C,[],6)
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D =
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4 8 12 16 20 24
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5 9 13 17 21 25
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6 10 14 18 22 26
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7 11 15 19 23 27
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>> E = B'*A
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E =
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3.239515 1.830881 2.304531 1.574329 2.216070 0.522383
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2.828742 1.565104 1.543670 1.172011 2.287484 -0.152035
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1.827697 0.581458 2.127299 1.504298 1.200649 0.852098
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2.510204 1.589615 1.200937 0.859622 1.918964 -0.139563
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0.490076 0.066876 0.561990 0.422850 0.387136 0.162697
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3.066672 1.521535 2.208404 1.510674 2.132042 0.472088
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2.181931 0.132381 2.297197 1.580948 1.507771 0.768041
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>> F = [A,B]
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F =
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Columns 1 through 10:
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-0.159822 0.268463 0.602706 0.712673 0.192046 0.199132 0.448006 0.444495 0.898416 0.106126
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0.564368 0.064164 1.269051 0.629784 -0.246480 1.184103 0.829320 0.203251 0.670602 0.290699
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1.444376 -0.867363 0.998737 0.456648 0.876060 0.226459 0.568398 0.636211 0.581117 0.403838
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2.148732 2.285075 0.440337 0.502833 1.951507 -0.719981 0.941064 0.868487 0.350656 0.828308
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Columns 11 through 13:
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0.317332 0.488563 0.949919
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0.086682 0.700506 0.486505
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0.227579 0.656758 0.975163
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0.075934 0.838079 0.302820
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>> G = A.*D
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G =
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-0.6393 2.1477 7.2325 11.4028 3.8409 4.7792
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2.8218 0.5775 16.4977 10.7063 -5.1761 29.6026
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8.6663 -8.6736 13.9823 8.2197 19.2733 5.8879
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15.0411 25.1358 6.6051 9.5538 44.8847 -19.4395
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>> M = G./4.5
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M =
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-0.1421 0.4773 1.6072 2.5339 0.8535 1.0620
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0.6271 0.1283 3.6661 2.3792 -1.1502 6.5783
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1.9258 -1.9275 3.1072 1.8266 4.2830 1.3084
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3.3425 5.5857 1.4678 2.1231 9.9744 -4.3199
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>> DDD = D.^3
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DDD =
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64 512 1728 4096 8000 13824
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125 729 2197 4913 9261 15625
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216 1000 2744 5832 10648 17576
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343 1331 3375 6859 12167 19683
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>> DL = D>=20
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DL =
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0 0 0 0 1 1
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0 0 0 0 1 1
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0 0 0 0 1 1
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0 0 0 0 1 1
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>> Dstolb = D(:)
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Dstolb =
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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19
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20
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21
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22
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
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## 8 Применение стандартных математических функций
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>> B1 = sqrt(B); B2 = log(B); B3 = sin(B);
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B1 =
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0.6693 0.6667 0.9478 0.3258 0.5633 0.6990 0.9746
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0.9107 0.4508 0.8189 0.5392 0.2944 0.8370 0.6975
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0.7539 0.7976 0.7623 0.6355 0.4771 0.8104 0.9875
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0.9701 0.9319 0.5922 0.9101 0.2756 0.9155 0.5503
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B2 =
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-0.802949 -0.810817 -0.107122 -2.243128 -1.147808 -0.716287 -0.051378
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-0.187149 -1.593316 -0.399580 -1.235468 -2.445513 -0.355952 -0.720508
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-0.564934 -0.452224 -0.542804 -0.906742 -1.480257 -0.420440 -0.025151
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-0.060744 -0.141003 -1.047948 -0.188371 -2.577887 -0.176643 -1.194617
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B3 =
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0.433169 0.430002 0.782341 0.105927 0.312033 0.469357 0.813369
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0.737472 0.201854 0.621457 0.286622 0.086573 0.644605 0.467539
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0.538282 0.594152 0.548958 0.392950 0.225620 0.610552 0.827793
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0.808185 0.763352 0.343514 0.736788 0.075861 0.743360 0.298213
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>> k = length(B1)
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k = 7
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>> nm = size(B1)
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nm =
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4 7
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>> elem = numel(B1)
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elem = 28
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>> NN=linspace(11.5,34.1,20)
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NN =
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Columns 1 through 13:
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11.500 12.689 13.879 15.068 16.258 17.447 18.637 19.826 21.016 22.205 23.395 24.584 25.774
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Columns 14 through 20:
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26.963 28.153 29.342 30.532 31.721 32.911 34.100
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>> FF=ones(2,4)
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FF =
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1 1 1 1
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1 1 1 1
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>> GG=zeros(5)
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GG =
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0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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>> B1D=diag(B1)
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B1D =
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0.6693
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0.4508
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0.7623
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0.9101
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>> DB=diag(B1D)
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DB =
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Diagonal Matrix
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0.6693 0 0 0
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0 0.4508 0 0
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0 0 0.7623 0
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0 0 0 0.9101
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>> BS1=sort(B)
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BS1 =
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0.448006 0.203251 0.350656 0.106126 0.075934 0.488563 0.302820
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0.568398 0.444495 0.581117 0.290699 0.086682 0.656758 0.486505
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0.829320 0.636211 0.670602 0.403838 0.227579 0.700506 0.949919
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0.941064 0.868487 0.898416 0.828308 0.317332 0.838079 0.975163
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>> BS2=sortrows(B,2)
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BS2 =
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0.829320 0.203251 0.670602 0.290699 0.086682 0.700506 0.486505
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0.448006 0.444495 0.898416 0.106126 0.317332 0.488563 0.949919
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0.568398 0.636211 0.581117 0.403838 0.227579 0.656758 0.975163
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0.941064 0.868487 0.350656 0.828308 0.075934 0.838079 0.302820
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>> DS1=sum(D)
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DS1 =
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22 38 54 70 86 102
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>> DS2=sum(D,2)
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DS2 =
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84
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90
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96
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102
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>> DP1=prod(D)
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DP1 =
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840 7920 32760 93024 212520 421200
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>> dt=det(A*A')
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dt = 77.948
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>> dinv=inv(A*A')
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dinv =
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1.997545 -0.798335 0.216077 -0.153936
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-0.798335 0.703918 -0.289148 0.084105
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0.216077 -0.289148 0.374075 -0.084248
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-0.153936 0.084105 -0.084248 0.094346
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>>
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## 9 Индексация элементов матриц
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>> D1=D(3,5)
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D1 = 22
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>> D2=D(3,4:end)
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D2 =
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18 22 26
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>> D3=D(2:3,3:5)
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D3 =
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13 17 21
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14 18 22
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>> D4=D(16:20)
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D4 =
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19 20 21 22 23
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>> D5=D(3:4,[1,3,6])
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D5 =
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6 14 26
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7 15 27
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## 10 Управляющие конструкции: циклы и условия
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Цикл по перечислению:
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>> Dsum=0
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Dsum = 0
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>> for i=1:6
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Dsum=Dsum+sqrt(D(2,i))
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endfor
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Dsum = 2.2361
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Dsum = 5.2361
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Dsum = 8.8416
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Dsum = 12.965
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Dsum = 17.547
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Dsum = 22.547
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Цикл пока выполняется условие:
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>> Dsum2=0;i=1
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i = 1
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>> while (D(i)<22)
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Dsum2=Dsum2+sin(D(i))
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i=i+1
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endwhile
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Dsum2 = -0.7568
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i = 2
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Dsum2 = -1.7157
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i = 3
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Dsum2 = -1.9951
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i = 4
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Dsum2 = -1.3382
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i = 5
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Dsum2 = -0.3488
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i = 6
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Dsum2 = 0.063321
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i = 7
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Dsum2 = -0.4807
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i = 8
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Dsum2 = -1.4807
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i = 9
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Dsum2 = -2.0173
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i = 10
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Dsum2 = -1.5971
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i = 11
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Dsum2 = -0.6065
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i = 12
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Dsum2 = 0.043799
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i = 13
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Dsum2 = -0.2441
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i = 14
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Dsum2 = -1.2055
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i = 15
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Dsum2 = -1.9565
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i = 16
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Dsum2 = -1.8066
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i = 17
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Dsum2 = -0.8937
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i = 18
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Dsum2 = -0.057011
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i = 19
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Условие if:
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>> if (D(3,5)>=20)
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printf('D(3,5)>=20')
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else
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printf('D(3,5)<20')
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endif
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D(3,5)>=20>>
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## 11 Построение графиков, гистограмм, круговых и столбчатых диаграмм
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>> plot(D(1,:),B([2,4],1:6))
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([4.png])
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>> hist(A(:),6)
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([5.png])
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>> pie(D(1,:))
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([6.png])
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>> bar(DS1)
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([7.png])
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## 12 Изучение работы с текстовым редактором среды
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>> Prog1
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D1 = 22
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D2 =
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18 22 26
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D3 =
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13 17 21
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14 18 22
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D4 =
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19 20 21 22 23
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D5 =
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6 14 26
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7 15 27
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>> Prog1
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D1 = 22
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D2 =
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18 22 26
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D3 =
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13 17 21
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14 18 22
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D4 =
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19 20 21 22 23
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D5 =
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6 14 26
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7 15 27
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## 13 Сохранение и загрузка рабочей области
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Сохранил область переменных в файл Perem, перезапустил среду, установил рабочую директорию и успешно загрузил переменные обратно через главное меню
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## 14 Завершили сеанс работы со средой.
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