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Тема 4 Соловьёва Е. Д.
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os import
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SyntaxError: invalid syntax
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import os
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os.chdir('C:\\Users\\Ekaterina\\OneDrive\\Desktop\\Solovyova\\python-labs\\TEMA4')
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help('round')
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Help on built-in function round in module builtins:
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round(number, ndigits=None)
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Round a number to a given precision in decimal digits.
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The return value is an integer if ndigits is omitted or None. Otherwise
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the return value has the same type as the number. ndigits may be negative.
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round(123.456,1)
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123.5
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round(123.456,0)
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123.0
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type(123.5)
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<class 'float'>
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type(123.0)
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<class 'float'>
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s=round(123.456,1)
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ss=type(123.5)
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ss=round(123.456,0)
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type(ss)
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<class 'float'>
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type(s)
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<class 'float'>
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round(123.456)
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123
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type(123)
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<class 'int'>
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gg=range(76,123,9)
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пп
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<pyshell#16>", line 1, in <module>
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пп
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NameError: name 'пп' is not defined
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gg
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range(76, 123, 9)
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list(gg)
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[76, 85, 94, 103, 112, 121]
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range(23)
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range(0, 23)
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list(range(23))
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[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]
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qq='Solovyova'
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gg='Ivanov','Lazarev','Likova'
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ff=zip(gg,qq)
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ff
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<zip object at 0x000001308EED4840>
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tuple(ff)
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(('Ivanov', 'S'), ('Lazarev', 'o'), ('Likova', 'l'))
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gg=range(76,123,9)
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list(gg)
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[76, 85, 94, 103, 112, 121]
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qq = ["Соловьёва", "Лыкова", "Филиппова", "Мельников"]
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ff=zip(gg,qq)
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аа
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<pyshell#30>", line 1, in <module>
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аа
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NameError: name 'аа' is not defined
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ff
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<zip object at 0x0000013090F83C40>
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tuple(ff)
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((76, 'Соловьёва'), (85, 'Лыкова'), (94, 'Филиппова'), (103, 'Мельников'))
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ff[0]
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<pyshell#33>", line 1, in <module>
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ff[0]
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TypeError: 'zip' object is not subscriptable
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fff=float(input('коэффициент усиления=')); dan=eval('5*fff-156')
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коэффициент усиления=5
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fff
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5.0
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fff=float(input('коэффициент усиления=')); dan=eval('5*fff-156')
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коэффициент усиления=0
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fff
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0.0
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fff=float(input('коэффициент усиления=')); dan=eval('5*fff-156')
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коэффициент усиления=5
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fff=float(input('коэффициент усиления=')); dan=eval('5*fff-156')
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коэффициент усиления=5
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fff
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5.0
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dan
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-131.0
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exec(input('введите инструкции:'))
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введите инструкции:perem=-123.456;gg=round(abs(perem)+98,3)
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пп
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<pyshell#43>", line 1, in <module>
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пп
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NameError: name 'пп' is not defined
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gg
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221.456
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abs(-5)
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5
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pow(2, 3)
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8
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max([1, 5, 2])
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5
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min([1, 5, 2])
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1
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sum([1, 2, 3])
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6
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divmod(10, 3)
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(3, 1)
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len("abc")
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3
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list(map(str, [1, 2, 3]))
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['1', '2', '3']
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import math
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dir(math)
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['__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atan2', 'atanh', 'cbrt', 'ceil', 'comb', 'copysign', 'cos', 'cosh', 'degrees', 'dist', 'e', 'erf', 'erfc', 'exp', 'exp2', 'expm1', 'fabs', 'factorial', 'floor', 'fma', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fsum', 'gamma', 'gcd', 'hypot', 'inf', 'isclose', 'isfinite', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'isqrt', 'lcm', 'ldexp', 'lgamma', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'log2', 'modf', 'nan', 'nextafter', 'perm', 'pi', 'pow', 'prod', 'radians', 'remainder', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'sumprod', 'tan', 'tanh', 'tau', 'trunc', 'ulp']
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help(math.factorial)
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Help on built-in function factorial in module math:
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factorial(n, /)
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Find n!.
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math.factorial(5)
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120
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help(math.factorial)
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Help on built-in function factorial in module math:
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factorial(n, /)
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Find n!.
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math.sin(3.14)
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0.0015926529164868282
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math.acos(0.5)
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1.0471975511965979
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math.degrees(56)
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3208.56365273261
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math.degrees(1)
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57.29577951308232
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math.radians(57.29577951308232)
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1.0
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math.exp(1)
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2.718281828459045
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math.log(10)
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2.302585092994046
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math.log(2.302585092994046)
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0.834032445247956
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math.log10(100)
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2.0
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math.sqrt(16)
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4.0
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math.ceil(1.2)
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2
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math.floor(0.9)
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0
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math.pi
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3.141592653589793
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math.sin(2 * math.pi / 7 + math.exp(0.23))
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0.8334902641414562
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import cmath
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dir(cmath)
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['__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atanh', 'cos', 'cosh', 'e', 'exp', 'inf', 'infj', 'isclose', 'isfinite', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'log', 'log10', 'nan', 'nanj', 'phase', 'pi', 'polar', 'rect', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh', 'tau']
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cmath.sqrt(1.2-0.5j)
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(1.118033988749895-0.22360679774997896j)
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cmath.phase(1-0.5j)
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-0.4636476090008061
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dir(random)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<pyshell#76>", line 1, in <module>
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dir(random)
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NameError: name 'random' is not defined. Did you forget to import 'random'?
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import random
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dir(random)
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['BPF', 'LOG4', 'NV_MAGICCONST', 'RECIP_BPF', 'Random', 'SG_MAGICCONST', 'SystemRandom', 'TWOPI', '_ONE', '_Sequence', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '_accumulate', '_acos', '_bisect', '_ceil', '_cos', '_e', '_exp', '_fabs', '_floor', '_index', '_inst', '_isfinite', '_lgamma', '_log', '_log2', '_os', '_parse_args', '_pi', '_random', '_repeat', '_sha512', '_sin', '_sqrt', '_test', '_test_generator', '_urandom', 'betavariate', 'binomialvariate', 'choice', 'choices', 'expovariate', 'gammavariate', 'gauss', 'getrandbits', 'getstate', 'lognormvariate', 'main', 'normalvariate', 'paretovariate', 'randbytes', 'randint', 'random', 'randrange', 'sample', 'seed', 'setstate', 'shuffle', 'triangular', 'uniform', 'vonmisesvariate', 'weibullvariate']
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help(random.seed)
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Help on method seed in module random:
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seed(a=None, version=2) method of random.Random instance
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Initialize internal state from a seed.
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The only supported seed types are None, int, float,
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str, bytes, and bytearray.
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None or no argument seeds from current time or from an operating
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system specific randomness source if available.
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If *a* is an int, all bits are used.
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For version 2 (the default), all of the bits are used if *a* is a str,
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bytes, or bytearray. For version 1 (provided for reproducing random
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sequences from older versions of Python), the algorithm for str and
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bytes generates a narrower range of seeds.
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random.seed()
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a=random.seed()
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a
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random.random()
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0.6199792494543297
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random.uniform(1, 10)
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7.745269197841402
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random.randint(1, 6)
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3
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random.gauss(0, 1)
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1.0442172814729307
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random.choice(['a','b','c'])
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'b'
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lst = [1,2,3]; random.shuffle(lst)
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random.shuffle(lst)
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дые
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<pyshell#90>", line 1, in <module>
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дые
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NameError: name 'дые' is not defined
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lst
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[3, 2, 1]
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random.shuffle(lst)
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lst
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[3, 2, 1]
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random.shuffle(lst)
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lst
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[3, 1, 2]
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random.sample([1,2,3,4])
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<pyshell#96>", line 1, in <module>
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random.sample([1,2,3,4])
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TypeError: Random.sample() missing 1 required positional argument: 'k'
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random.sample([1,2,3,4], 2)
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[4, 2]
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random.sample([1,2,3,4], 2)
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[2, 4]
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random.sample([1,2,3,4], 2)
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[3, 1]
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random.betavariate(2, 5)
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0.27219690103691246
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random.gammavariate(2, 1)
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2.5239555636492557
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spisok = [random.uniform(1, 10), random.gauss(0, 1), random.betavariate(2, 5), random.gammavariate(2, 1)]
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spisok
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[4.813064235823525, -0.2439125318449509, 0.12581423894318752, 1.940336067871031]
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import time
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dir(time)
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['_STRUCT_TM_ITEMS', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'altzone', 'asctime', 'ctime', 'daylight', 'get_clock_info', 'gmtime', 'localtime', 'mktime', 'monotonic', 'monotonic_ns', 'perf_counter', 'perf_counter_ns', 'process_time', 'process_time_ns', 'sleep', 'strftime', 'strptime', 'struct_time', 'thread_time', 'thread_time_ns', 'time', 'time_ns', 'timezone', 'tzname']
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c1=time.time()
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c2=time.time()-c1
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c2
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18.061716318130493
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c1
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1760287587.2442193
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dat=time.gmtime()
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dat
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time.struct_time(tm_year=2025, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=16, tm_min=51, tm_sec=23, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=285, tm_isdst=0)
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dat.tm_mon
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10
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dat.localtime
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<pyshell#113>", line 1, in <module>
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dat.localtime
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AttributeError: 'time.struct_time' object has no attribute 'localtime'
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localtime
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<pyshell#114>", line 1, in <module>
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localtime
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NameError: name 'localtime' is not defined
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time.localtime
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<built-in function localtime>
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local_time = time.localtime()
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local_time
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time.struct_time(tm_year=2025, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=19, tm_min=54, tm_sec=1, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=285, tm_isdst=0)
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c1 = time.time()
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local_struct = time.localtime(c1)
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local_struct
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time.struct_time(tm_year=2025, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=19, tm_min=59, tm_sec=42, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=285, tm_isdst=0)
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time_str = time.asctime(local_struct)
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time_str
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'Sun Oct 12 19:59:42 2025'
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time_str2 = time.ctime(c1)\
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/
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SyntaxError: multiple statements found while compiling a single statement
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time_str2 = time.ctime(c1)
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print(f"Год: {local_time.tm_year}")
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Год: 2025
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time.sleep(2)
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time.sleep(2)
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seconds = time.mktime(local_struct)
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seconds
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1760288382.0
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new_struct = time.localtime(seconds)
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new_struct
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time.struct_time(tm_year=2025, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=19, tm_min=59, tm_sec=42, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=285, tm_isdst=0)
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import pylab
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<pyshell#134>", line 1, in <module>
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import pylab
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ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pylab'
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import sys
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sys.path.append(‘C:\\Users\Ekaterina\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Python 3.13’)
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SyntaxError: invalid character '‘' (U+2018)
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import sys
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sys.path.append('C:\\Users\Ekaterina\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Python 3.13')
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import pylab
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<pyshell#139>", line 1, in <module>
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import pylab
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ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pylab'
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pip install matplotlib
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SyntaxError: invalid syntax
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<pyshell#143>", line 1, in <module>
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'matplotlib'
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import pylab
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x=list(range(-3,55,4))
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t=list(range(15))
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x
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[-3, 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53]
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t
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[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]
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pylab.plot(t,x)
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[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x00000130A1F4E990>]
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pylab.title
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<function title at 0x00000130A1BD8F40>
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pylab.title('Первый график')
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Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Первый график')
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pylab.xlabel('время')
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Text(0.5, 0, 'время')
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pylab.ylabel('сигнал')
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Text(0, 0.5, 'сигнал')
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pylab.show()
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X1=[12,6,8,10,7] и X2=[5,7,9,11,13]
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SyntaxError: invalid syntax
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X1=[12,6,8,10,7]
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X2=[5,7,9,11,13]
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pylab.plot(X1)
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[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x00000130A2AE2E90>]
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pylab.plot(X2)
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[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x00000130A2AE2FD0>]
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pylab.show()
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pylab.show()
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region=['Центр','Урал','Сибирь','Юг']
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naselen=[65,12,23,17]
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pylab.pie(naselen,labels=region)
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([<matplotlib.patches.Wedge object at 0x00000130A1F397F0>, <matplotlib.patches.Wedge object at 0x00000130A24E8910>, <matplotlib.patches.Wedge object at 0x00000130A24E8CD0>, <matplotlib.patches.Wedge object at 0x00000130A24E8F50>], [Text(-0.191013134139045, 1.0832885038559115, 'Центр'), Text(-0.861328292412156, -0.6841882582231001, 'Урал'), Text(0.04429273995539947, -1.0991078896938387, 'Сибирь'), Text(0.9873750693480946, -0.48486129194837324, 'Юг')])
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pylab.show()
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data = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5]
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plt.hist(data, 5)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<pyshell#167>", line 1, in <module>
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plt.hist(data, 5)
|
|
|
NameError: name 'plt' is not defined
|
|
|
pylab.hist(data,5)
|
|
|
(array([1., 2., 3., 2., 1.]), array([1. , 1.8, 2.6, 3.4, 4.2, 5. ]), <BarContainer object of 5 artists>)
|
|
|
pylab.show()
|
|
|
c = ['A', 'B', 'C']
|
|
|
v = [10, 25, 15]
|
|
|
pylab..bar(c, v)
|
|
|
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
|
|
|
pylab.bar(c, v)
|
|
|
<BarContainer object of 3 artists>
|
|
|
pylab.show()
|
|
|
sred = statistics.mean(data)
|
|
|
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
|
File "<pyshell#175>", line 1, in <module>
|
|
|
sred = statistics.mean(data)
|
|
|
NameError: name 'statistics' is not defined. Did you forget to import 'statistics'?
|
|
|
import statistic
|
|
|
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
|
File "<pyshell#176>", line 1, in <module>
|
|
|
import statistic
|
|
|
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'statistic'
|
|
|
import statistics
|
|
|
sred = statistics.mean(data)
|
|
|
often = statistics.mode(data)
|
|
|
often
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
mediana = statistics.median(data)
|
|
|
mediana
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
moda = statistics.mode(data)
|
|
|
|
