#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstddef> 
#include <locale> 

using namespace std;


char nibble_to_hex(uint8_t i)
{
    assert(0x0 <= i && i <= 0xf);
    const char digits[] = "0123456789abcdef";
    return digits[i];
}

uint8_t get_lower_nibble(uint8_t byte)
{
    return byte & 0x0F;
}

uint8_t get_upper_nibble(uint8_t byte)
{
    return byte >> 4;
}

void print_in_hex(uint8_t byte)
{
    cout << nibble_to_hex(get_upper_nibble(byte))
        << nibble_to_hex(get_lower_nibble(byte));
}

const uint8_t* as_bytes(const void* data)
{
    return reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data);
}

void print_in_hex(const void* data, size_t size)
{
    const uint8_t* bytes = as_bytes(data);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++)
    {
        print_in_hex(bytes[i]);
        if ((i + 1) % 16 == 0)
        {
            cout << '\n';
        }
        else
        {
            cout << ' ';
        }
    }
}

void print_in_binary(uint8_t byte)
{
    for (int bit = 7; bit >= 0; --bit)
    {
        cout << ((byte & (1 << bit)) ? '1' : '0');
    }
}

void print_in_binary(const void* data, size_t size)
{
    const uint8_t* bytes = as_bytes(data);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++)
    {
        print_in_binary(bytes[i]);
        if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0)
        {
            cout << '\n';
        }
        else
        {
            cout << ' ';
        }
    }
}

struct Student
{
    char name[17];
    uint16_t admissionYear;
    float averageGrade;
    uint8_t gender : 1;
    uint32_t coursesCount;
    Student* groupLeader;
};

int main()
{
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "Russian");

    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 16; i++)
    {
        assert(nibble_to_hex(i) == (i < 10 ? '0' + i : 'a' + (i - 10)));
    }

    uint8_t byte = 0xab;

    cout << "Hex: ";
    print_in_hex(byte);
    cout << '\n';

    cout << "Binary: ";
    print_in_binary(byte);
    cout << '\n';

    Student students[3] =
    {
        {"Alice Johnson", 2022, 3.5, 0, 4, nullptr},
        {"John Smith", 2021, 3.8, 1, 5, nullptr},
        {"", 0, 0.0, 0, 0, nullptr}
    };

    cout << "\n1) Адрес и размер массива: " << endl;
    cout << "Адрес массива: " << static_cast<void*>(students) << endl;
    cout << "Размер массива: " << sizeof(students) << " байт" << endl;

    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        cout << "2) Адреса и размеры элементов массива (Student[" << i << "]): " << endl;
        cout << "Адрес: " << static_cast<void*>(&students[i]) << endl;
        cout << "Размер: " << sizeof(students[i]) << " байт" << endl;
    }

    cout << "\n3) Сведения о полях одного элемента (Student[0]): " << endl;
    Student& alice = students[0];

    cout << "Имя:" << endl;
    cout << "Адрес: " << static_cast<void*>(alice.name) << endl;
    cout << "Смещение: " << offsetof(Student, name) << " байт" << endl;
    cout << "Размер: " << sizeof(alice.name) << " байт" << endl;
    cout << "Шестнадцатеричное: ";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(alice.name); i++) {
        cout << hex << (static_cast<int>(alice.name[i]) & 0xFF) << " ";
    }
    cout << "\nДвоичное: ";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(alice.name); i++)
    {
        for (int bit = 7; bit >= 0; --bit)
        {
            cout << ((alice.name[i] & (1 << bit)) ? '1' : '0');
        }
        cout << " ";
    }
    cout << "\n\n";

    cout << "Год поступления:" << endl;
    cout << "Адрес: " << &alice.admissionYear << endl;
    cout << "Смещение: " << offsetof(Student, admissionYear) << " байт" << endl;
    cout << "Размер: " << sizeof(alice.admissionYear) << " байт" << endl;
    cout << "Шестнадцатеричное: " << hex << alice.admissionYear << endl;
    cout << "Двоичное: ";
    for (int bit = 15; bit >= 0; --bit)
    {
        cout << ((alice.admissionYear & (1 << bit)) ? '1' : '0');
    }
    cout << "\n\n";

    cout << "Средний балл:" << endl;
    cout << "Адрес: " << &alice.averageGrade << endl;
    cout << "Смещение: " << offsetof(Student, averageGrade) << " байт" << endl;
    cout << "Размер: " << sizeof(alice.averageGrade) << " байт" << endl;
    cout << "Шестнадцатеричное: " << hex << *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(&alice.averageGrade) << endl;
    cout << "Двоичное: ";
    uint32_t averageGradeBits = *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(&alice.averageGrade);
    for (int bit = 31; bit >= 0; --bit)
    {
        cout << ((averageGradeBits & (1 << bit)) ? '1' : '0');
    }
    cout << "\n\n";

    cout << "Пол:" << endl;
    cout << "Значение: " << static_cast<int>(alice.gender) << endl;
    cout << "Размер (один бит): 1 бит" << endl;
    cout << "\n\n";

    cout << "Количество пройденных курсов:" << endl;
    cout << "Адрес: " << &alice.coursesCount << endl;
    cout << "Смещение: " << offsetof(Student, coursesCount) << " байт" << endl;
    cout << "Размер: " << sizeof(alice.coursesCount) << " байт" << endl;
    cout << "Шестнадцатеричное: " << hex << alice.coursesCount << endl;
    cout << "Двоичное: ";
    for (int bit = 31; bit >= 0; --bit)
    {
        cout << ((alice.coursesCount & (1 << bit)) ? '1' : '0');
    }
    cout << "\n\n";

    cout << "4) Все элементы массива в шестнадцатеричном виде:" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        cout << "Student[" << i << "] = ";
        for (size_t j = 0; j < sizeof(students[i]); j++)
        {
            cout << hex << setw(2) << setfill('0') << (static_cast<int>(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&students[i])[j]) & 0xFF) << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}