#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include <iomanip>
#include <bitset>
#include <cstddef>

using namespace std;

//char nibble_to_hex(uint8_t i)
char nibble_to_hex(uint8_t i) //Conversion to hex format
{
    assert(0x0 <= i && i <= 0xf);
    return "0123456789abcdef"[i];
}

void print_in_hex(uint8_t byte)
{
cout << nibble_to_hex(byte >> 4)
    << nibble_to_hex(byte & 0xf);
}

const uint8_t* as_bytes(const void* data);

void print_in_hex(const void* data, size_t size)
{
    const uint8_t* bytes = as_bytes(data);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++)
        {
            print_in_hex(bytes[i]);

            if ((i + 1) % 16 == 0)
            {
                cout << '\n';
            }
            else
            {
                cout << ' ';
            }
        }
}

const uint8_t* as_bytes(const void* data)
{
    return reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data);
}


char
bit_digit(uint8_t byte, uint8_t bit) {
    if (byte & (0x1 << bit)) {
        return '1';
    }
    return '0';
}


void print_in_binary(uint8_t byte) {
    for (int bit = 7; bit >= 0; bit--) {
        cout << bit_digit(byte, bit);
    }
}

void print_in_binary(const void* data, size_t size) {
    const uint8_t* bytes = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(data);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        // Добавляем пробел перед байтом, кроме первого в строке
        if (i % 4 == 0 && i != 0) {
            cout << "\n";
        }
        else if (i != 0) {
            cout << " ";
        }
        print_in_binary(bytes[i]);
    }
    cout << "\n"; // Перенос строки в конце
}

struct Example {
    uint8_t a;
    uint16_t b;
    uint32_t c;
    char d[3];
};


void print_in_hex(uint16_t value) {
    uint8_t* bytes = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&value);
    for (int i = 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        cout << nibble_to_hex(bytes[i] >> 4) << nibble_to_hex(bytes[i] & 0xf) << " ";
    }
}

void print_in_binary(uint16_t value) {
    bitset<16> bits(value);
    cout << bits;
}

struct Student {
    char name[17];          // 17 байт
    uint16_t year;          // 2 байта
    float gpa;              // 4 байта
    unsigned gender : 1;    // 1 бит (битовое поле)
    uint8_t courses;        // 1 байт
    Student* monitor;       // 8 байт (для 64-битной системы)
};

int main() {
    // Тестирование чисел из лекционного слайда
    uint16_t a = 0x4d2;    // 1234 в десятичной
    uint16_t b = 0x1234;   // 4660 в десятичной

    cout << "0x4d2 (1234) in binary:\n";
    print_in_binary(&a, sizeof(a));
    cout << "\n\n";

    cout << "0x1234 (4660) in binary:\n";
    print_in_binary(&b, sizeof(b));
    cout << "\n\n";

    // Пример с арифметическими операциями
    uint16_t sum = a + b;
    uint16_t diff = b - a;
    uint16_t xorr = a ^ b;

    cout << "Sum (0x4d2 + 0x1234):\n";
    print_in_binary(&sum, sizeof(sum));
    cout << "\n\n";

    cout << "Difference (0x1234 - 0x4d2):\n";
    print_in_binary(&diff, sizeof(diff));
    cout << "\n\n";

    cout << "XOR (0x4d2 ^ 0x1234):\n";
    print_in_binary(&xorr, sizeof(xorr));
    cout << "\n\n";

    Example arr[2] = {
        {0x01, 0x0203, 0x04050607, {'a', 'b', 'c'}},
        {0x08, 0x090a, 0x0b0c0d0e, {'d', 'e', 'f'}}
    };

    cout << "The location of the structure in memory (hex):\n";
    print_in_hex(arr, sizeof(arr));
    cout << "\n\nThe location of the structure in memory (binary):\n";
    print_in_binary(arr, sizeof(arr));

    Student students[3] = {
        {"Ivanov Ivan", 2023, 4.5f, 1, 3, &students[1]}, // 'f' suffix for float
        {"Petrova Anna", 2022, 4.8f, 0, 4, nullptr},
        {"Sidorov Alex", 2023, 4.2f, 1, 2, &students[1]}
    };

    // Structure analysis
    std::cout << "Array address: " << &students << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Array size: " << sizeof(students) << " bytes\n\n";

    for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        std::cout << "Element " << i << ":\n";
        std::cout << "Address: " << &students[i] << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Size: " << sizeof(students[i]) << " bytes\n";
    }


    Student& s = students[0];
    std::cout << "\nFields of the first student:\n";
    std::cout << "name:   Address=" << static_cast<void*>(s.name)
              << " Offset=" << offsetof(Student, name)
              << " Size=17 bytes\n";

    std::cout << "year:   Address=" << &s.year
              << " Offset=" << offsetof(Student, year)
              << " Size=2 bytes\n";

    std::cout << "gpa:    Address=" << &s.gpa
              << " Offset=" << offsetof(Student, gpa)
              << " Size=4 bytes\n";

    std::cout << "courses:Address=" << static_cast<void*>(&s.courses)
              << " Offset=" << offsetof(Student, courses)
              << " Size=1 byte\n";

    std::cout << "monitor:Address=" << &s.monitor
              << " Offset=" << offsetof(Student, monitor)
              << " Size=8 bytes\n";

    cout << endl;

    char op;

    cout << "Enter first operand (hex): ";
    cin >> hex >> a;
    cout << "Enter operator (&, |, ^): ";
    cin >> op;
    cout << "Enter second operator (hex): ";
    cin >> hex >> b;

    uint16_t result;
    switch (op) {
        case '&': result = a & b; break;
        case '|': result = a | b; break;
        case '^': result = a ^ b; break;
        default:
            cerr << "Operator incorrect!";
            return 1;
    }

    // Вывод в hex
    cout << "\nResult (hex): ";
    print_in_hex(a);
    cout << " " << op << " ";
    print_in_hex(b);
    cout << " = ";
    print_in_hex(result);

    // Вывод в binary
    cout << "\nResult (binary):\n";
    print_in_binary(a);
    cout << " " << op << "\n";
    print_in_binary(b);
    cout << " =\n";
    print_in_binary(result);

    cout << endl;

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}